Symptoms And Treatment Of Sleep Deprivation - 1803 Words

Introduction Sleep is a major component of human life, taking up almost a third of an individual’s lifetime and allowing the brain to process an individual’s experiences, thoughts, and memories. Proper sleep is vital to maintaining good health, as it is associated with maintenance of many of the body’s processes such as metabolism and disease prevention. This has become difficult as this modernizing world is completely changing the lifestyles of societies, and therefore the patterns of human sleep, due to school work, shift work, or even to the increasing presence of technology in households (Worthman Brown, 2013). This potentially leads to sleep deprivation, which is associated with dramatic changes in health if it occurs for long†¦show more content†¦Shortened sleep duration, consisting of less than five hours of sleep a night, has been correlated with an increased chance of developing diabetes later on in life. (Najafian et al., 2013). The focus of this experiment was to understand how changes in sleep duration could affect glucose metabolism in an animal model, based on similar previous human studies. The goal of the researchers was to study changes in glucose metabolism in rats that occur due to chronic sleep deprivation over a long period of time. They developed a hypothesis that allowed them to predict that chronic sleep deprivation for extended periods of time will significantly decrease insulin sensitivity and impair glucose metabolism. Analyzing the rat’s tolerance for glucose and sensitivity to insulin allowed the researchers to observe changes in metabolism due to sleep deprivation. The experiment consisted of two groups of twelve female rats, a control group (CON) and the group undergoing chronic sleep deprivation (CSD). The rats were five months old and weighed between 286 grams and 324 grams. They were split into 6 different cages and were allowed to get accustomed to the lab conditions for a week, in which the CSD group was placed in their specific modified multiple platform method (MMPH) water tank for 30 minutes every day. The MMPH consisted of a water tank that either had circular platforms, for the CSD group, or a grid, for the CON group. Both the cages and water tank experienced a 12-hour phaseShow MoreRelatedSleep Deprivation : Symptoms And Treatments1417 Words   |  6 Pagesexperiencing sleep deprivation or not having enough sleep will cause one to be frustrated. It is not a decent experience to have. Whenever we have sleep deprivation or have little sleep, we become less productive and not concentrated the next day. As these things happen, bosses will scold us or we will fail our tasks. While we fail, or get scolded, the mood at that moment is always annoying and unsatisfying. People who encounter with lack of sleep will know that having not enough sleep is the mainRead MoreSymptoms And Treatments Of Sleep Deprivation1036 Words   |  5 Pagesaround 176 pounds, but when sle ep deprived, it may feel like 300 pounds. The simple task of walking from one place to another transforms into a treacherous mountain-climb. Eye-lids become firm bricks. Why can’t the human body just go without sleep for twenty-four hours and feel normal? Unfortunately, that is not how it works, and the body struggles without rest. Insomnia affects more than most people know, and even if they do know, not many are sure why the symptoms occur. Sleep is a rather peculiar actionRead MoreNightmares Becoming Reality : Sleep Paralysis850 Words   |  4 PagesThis is primarily what sleep paralysis is. People who have experienced sleep paralysis have said that it s a terrifying event to go through. Very few people actually experience this and the majority of the people that do have some kind of health issue that is related with sleeping. Sleep paralysis is when a person is awake and fully aware of their surroundings but theirs brain and body are still asleep so they cannot move or steak and are completely paralyzed. Also, during sleep paralysis people startRead MoreSleep Paralysis Essay Outline854 Words   |  4 PagesChambers Mr. Jon Sullivan Honors Lit and Comp 1 22 October 2017 Sleep Paralysis, Being Awake but Can’t Move Imagine you are awake, but you can not move. This is how every one out of five people feel battling sleep paralysis. Sleep paralysis is ranged from once in a lifetime to every night. There are many causes, treatments, and preventions to sleep paralysis. There are many causes to sleep paralysis. During rapid eye movement sleep the brain has very realistic dreams, while you can not move. WhileRead MoreSleep Deprived College Students ( All Nighters )1556 Words   |  7 PagesAlyssa Arce Comm 150 Professor Matos January 25, 2016 Sleep Deprived College Students (All-Nighters) I. Intro a. Attention Getter: The famous â€Å"all-nighter†, where college students stay up all night studying, and preparing for a midterm, or even a final, in hopes to get an A. As a class we’ve all probably did an all-nighter once in our academic career to obtain the grades we want. However, according to ABC news, an article by Gillan Mohney, published in 2015, states that a person with blood-alcoholRead MoreInsomnia Essay1353 Words   |  6 PagesInsomnia Insomnia is a common sleep disorder that plagues millions of people around the globe by not allowing them to sleep. Its severity can range between a couple of days to a couple of months, and is curable in most cases. In any given year, about one-third of all adults suffer from insomnia (Hendrickson 1). Insomnia itself is not a disease, but a symptom of an underlying mental or physical condition of the person. There is not a strict definition for insomnia, but it could be narrowedRead MoreSymptoms Of Common Sleep Disorders869 Words   |  4 PagesCanadians have at least one symptom of insomnia, and almost 20% are not satisfied with the quality of their sleep. These numbers seem astonishing. In order to be healthy and not suffer from any sleep disorders, everybody should understand the importance of good sleep, know basic facts about common sleep disorders, and be aware of ways of their diagnosing, treatment, and preventing. Good sleep is one of the most important components of a healthy and happy life. But what is sleep? According to Dorland sRead MoreSleep Deprivation On College Students1488 Words   |  6 Pages Sleep Deprivation in College Students Stress Management Betty Diaz August 14, 2017 Abstract A common problem in many young adults in college is sleep deprivation. College students are some of the most sleep deprived people. Their sleep hygiene behavior is worse than adults. An adequate amount of sleep time is 7 to 8 hours each night to complete a regular sleep cycle. When college students have less sleep time, they are disturbing their sleeping cycle and their bodies respond by decreasing theirRead MoreSleep Deprivation And Its Effects On The Brain And Body905 Words   |  4 PagesWhile loss of sleep must be required at times, sleep deprivation has become a problem worth addressing because it is a very common sleep disorder which can adversely affect the brain and cognitive function. However, It has many effects on a human brain such as depression, memory lapses or loss, and symptoms similar to ADHD. In order to identify what sleep deprivation is, it is necessary to understand how sleep is a necessity for the human brain and body. Sleep is the most important part of one sRead MoreAnalysis Of Michael H. Silber s Chronic Insomnia 1400 Words   |  6 Pageshours of sleep or less than their body needs. Sleep deprivation could occur for the reason of the busy daily routines, such as: stress from work, any kind of relationships, school, and family. There are so many different areas where people get stressed and suffer through sleep deprivation, insomnia. Michael H. Silber is a highly qualified as one of the authors because he has various different degrees. He worked for many positions, such as: American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology - Sleep Medicine

Bailey Surname Meaning and Origin

Bailey is derived crown official or officer of the king in county or town. Keeper of a royal building or house. A person of high rank. From the Old French for bailiff and/or the Scottish term bailie, a municipal officer corresponding to an English alderman. Bailey is the 66th most popular surname in the United States and the 56th most common surname in England. Surname Origin Scottish, French Alternate Surname Spellings BAILIE, BAILLIE Genealogy Resources for the Surname Bailey 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? Bailey Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Bailey surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Bailey query. FamilySearch - Bailey GenealogyFind records, queries, and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Bailey surname and its variations. Bailey Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Bailey surname. Cousin Connect - Bailey Genealogy QueriesRead or post genealogy queries for the surname Bailey, and sign up for free notification when new Bailey queries are added. DistantCousin.com - Bailey Genealogy Family HistoryFree databases and genealogy links for the last name Bailey. References: Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

“Cat in the Rain” by Ernest Hemingway Free Essays

â€Å"Cat in the Rain† by Ernest Hemingway The story under the title â€Å"Cat in the Rain† was written by Ernest Hemingway, one of the most favourite American novelists, short-story writer and essayist, whose deceptively simple prose style has influenced wide range of writers. So, the story begins with the description of the hotel where two Americans stopped. It was raining, that’s why the couple stayed in and just a cat in the rain attracted the young woman’s attention. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Cat in the Rain† by Ernest Hemingway or any similar topic only for you Order Now She wanted to get the cat inside but failed and was brought another cat. The problem of the story lies very deeply and we are to uncover it. The story is written in one mood which constantly and directly increases. It starts from the beginning where it’s created by a persistent and repeated use of the â€Å"rain† with a number of phrases associating it, such as puddles, deserted square, glistening war monument. Repetition is one of the widely used and favourite stylistic devices of Hemingway. Here he applies it to reveal the relationship of the protagonist to the old hotel owner (she liked †¦ , she liked†¦ ). As the verb â€Å"to like† is not used to characterize relations of the wife to her husband, this contrast is full of the concealed but easily read meaning. Though the cases of repetition in the story may seem a bit obtrusive, their modifications enter into the core of the narration very organically. They carry emotional character, however penetrating the story the deep sorrow becomes evident gradually. We realize that little, as if meaningless, capricious wishes of a young woman reveal the drama of her fate, the absence of comfort in her life, comparable with the cat in the rain. The title of the story anticipates this confrontation and the fact that the cat’s image makes great play twice – just increases the total effect. In fact, the young woman pines for love, for home, for her family. And the purring cat she’d like to have and to stroke is a traditional symbol of home and comfort she lacks so much. She wants warmth, attention, care, joy, happiness; however she is brought the cat – a pitiful substitution of that, what she, a young, beautiful woman needs incredibly. This is the main problem of the novel we tried to uncover. Perhaps the hotel owner didn’t get the reason of her yearnings and took her wish for whim. But dignity, deference and respectfulness of the old man are confronted to egoism and carelessness of George not occasionally. The war monument is also mentioned deliberately. The world George and his wife belong to – is uncomfortable, homeless after-war world, where the fates of young people joined with such hardships and troubles. If to speak about the text itself, it is told in the 3rd person narrative. he description is interlaced with descriptive passages and dialogues of the personages. The author makes extensive use of repetitions to render the story more vivid, convincing, more real and emotional. The author’s style is remarkable for its powerful sweep, brilliant illustrations and deep psychological analysis. Everything he touches seems to reflect the feelings of the heroes. The story reveals the author’s great knowledge of man’s inner world. He penetr ates into the subtlest windings of the human heart. How to cite â€Å"Cat in the Rain† by Ernest Hemingway, Essay examples

Mental Health Problem Of Mildura Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Mental Health Problem Of Mildura. Answer: Mental illness of parents poses a serious challenge to the quality of life (QoL) of parents and their children. Improving QoL is an important political and public health concern (Bee et al., 2014). The following essay aims to highlight the mental health complications among the adults population of Mildura, the possible interventions for steady recovery and the role of anoccupational therapist in mental health recovery. Mental Health: Parents in Mildura According to the Victorias Mental Health Services Annual Report (2016-2017), 11 % of the Victorian population suffers from mental health complications and the majority of them are adults. Among this 11% of population, half of them are women and 33% of them reside in rural areas like Mildura. According to Van Loon et al., (2014), children of parents suffering from mental health problems are highly susceptible towards developing psychological problems. This is because the child interaction with parents with mental health is not healthy moreover, the family environments with parents with mental illness is negative, which cast an adverse impact on the child. Thus parental monitoring must get a detailed focus in present mental health interventions in Vitoria in order to safe guard adolescents with mentally ill parents from developing similar problems (Van Loon, Van de Ven, Van Doesum, WittemanHosman2014). Health promotion strategies Lifestyle Medicine: Mental health and stress are closely associated with unhealthy lifestyles. Thus, healthy behaviour interventions contribute to physical and mental health along with the management of stress (Min, Lee Lee, 2013). With expand in occurrence of the lifestyle disease, therapeutic changes in lifestyle have now become the prime focus for physical and mental health promotion. Thus life change aimed towards smoking, consumption of alcohol, physical activity, healthy diet, stress management, obesity and stress management (Min, Lee Lee, 2013). Stress management and skills training: Management of stress of daily life and adding towards recovery through adverse health effects are important factors in mental health promotion. Interplay of mind, brain and body in involved in generation of stress and thus interventions designed over mind-body medicine is recommended as an important medium for managing stress (Min, Lee Lee, 2013). Community intervention: Community interventions deal with expand in public awareness about mental health which will help to expand the acceptance of the mental health care for prevention and promotion of the mental health illness (Min, Lee Lee, 2013). Victoria State Government is also in favour of the community interventions toward the improvement of the mental health of the adult populations (Victoria State Government, 2017). Other strategies that can be implemented for mental health recovery or prevention include preventive consultation and positive psychotherapy (Min, Lee Lee, 2013). Kalra et al. (2012), have vouched in favour of improvement of coping strategies in order to reduce stress induced by mental illness. Person centred care or targeted interventions at individuals may also derive positive results (Kalra et al., 2012).Hagenet al. (2012) has opined that evidence-based online mental health promotion an helpful strategy for mental health prevention and treatment. Analysis of five selectedhealth promotion strategies Lifestyle medicine is one of the important mental health strategies because, according to Department of Health Australia (2017), majority of the population in Vitoria abides unhealthy lifestyle life smoking, consumption of alcohol and this are main factors behind the mental health complication among the adult population. Moreover, according to National Mental Health Consumer and Carer Forum Australia (2014), people with complications in mental health are commonly smoke tobacco in comparison to the general population and this tendency is likely to aggravate the mental health complications further. Taylor et al. (2014), has opined that prevention of smoking or prevention against consumption of alcohol will help the people suffering from mental illness to recover faster. Smoking of cigarette is a crucial preventable risk for mental illnesses. Severity, assessment of patients dependence and willingness to quit smoking, behavioural intervention along with proper knowledge, motivational interviewing and accurate pharmacotherapy will be useful evidence-based approaches. Moreover, counselling and education for low-risk alcohol consumption could to be procured in lifestyle medicine interventions (Min, Lee Lee, 2013). According to Taylor et al. (2014), cessation of smoking is related with reduced anxiety, stress and depression. this in turn helps in promotion of positive mindset and quality of life. Stress management and skills training Stress is the major stigma behind the generation of depressive symptoms and these gradually aggravates into complex mental illness like anxiety (Heim Binder, 2012). Moreover parent stress either arising out of mental illness or responsible for mental illness cast immense impact upon their children. According to Heim and Binder (2012), stress in early stages of life like childhood abuse or parental neglect is a well-established and major risk behind generating depressive disorders in the later stages of life. Hence coping up with adult stress and stress related mental illness of the parents is crucial for better outcome of the children during the developmental stages. Cognitive behavioural approaches or cognitive-behavioural stress management (CBSM) and subsequent skill training is useful for speedy recovery from mental health illness. CBSM promotes strong cognitive and emotional reactivity. It also helps in moderate mindfulness and rumination. Other approaches that are frequently undertaken for optimal management of stress include breathing (abdominal breathing) and relaxation exercises (progressive muscle relaxation) (Gu, Strauss, Bond Cavanagh, 2015) The main goal of this therapy is eradication of irrational thought pattern and replacing the same with rational thoughts. This in turn assists people to cope-up with stress, illness and pain while increase sustained attention towards moment-to-moment experiences (Min, Lee Lee, 2013). Community intervention For the majority of physiological diseases, it is largely accepted that population will benefit via knowing the nature of actions that are required to be undertaken for prevention of the physical disease, early stage intervention, and subsequent treatment. But, similar type of public knowledge in the domain of mental health disorders (mental health literacy) has received significantly less attention. So community based interventions will help to increase the proper knowledge and adequate awareness of mental health disorders among the population of Mildura (Jorm, 2012). Community based mental health approach mostly involve mental health literacy for example interventions in the educational settings, whole-community campaigns and Mental Health First Aid training. Moreover, increasing community based mental health literacy is required to be focused on the national policy and monitoring of population because, the whole community is entitled to under-take effective actions for better mental health outcomes (Jorm, 2012). The community based interventions in mental health disorders or illness will help to increase public's knowledge regarding how to restrict mental disorders, proper recognition about the disorder for example how it is developing, proper education about help-seeking options and the available treatments, adequate knowledge about the effective self-help strategies for mild mental health problems, and optimal first aid skills to assist others who are suffering from mental health problems (Jorm, 2012). Preventive consultation and positive psychotherapy is important mental health prevention as it aims to reduce the vulnerability to depression and anxiety. Positive psychotherapy comprises of 8 to 12 sessions which will focus on self-observation, skill development and sustaining attention towards daily life experiences. Positive psychotherapy aims to improve engagement, positive emotion and thereby improving quality of life(Min, Lee Lee, 2013). Person centred care maximizes the health coverage for both non-communicable diseases and mental disorders. It is helpful in treating mental health disorders like depression and alcohol use disorders that occurs in association with the non-communicable diseases like heart disease and diabetes (Patel Chatterji, 2015). PCC is procured via systematic care and support planning. Optimised implementation of PCC helps in the improvement of wellbeing via developing positive sense of control (Eaton, Roberts Turner, 2015). Linkage between the interventions CBSM is one of the principal approaches used against stress management interventions (Stead et al., 2016). According to the reports published by Hofmann, Asnaani, Vonk, Sawyer and Fang (2012), cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a famous therapeutic approach that can be utilised to a variety of problems like substance use disorders, schizophrenia, depression, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, bipolar disorder, anger, aggression and other related psychotic disorders. Application of CBT under the framework of PCC will help to reduction mental health illness and associated non-communicable disease(Hofmann et al., 2012). The majority of people take help of alcohol or cigarette in order to cope up with stress (Stead et al., 2016). Research reports published by Stead et al. (2016), stated that behavioural support along with positive psychotherapyalong with medications help people to get rid of stress and thereby aiding them to quit smoking. Thus stress management and life medici nes interventions will work in sync in order to protect the adult population of Mildura from the severity of the mental health illness. Furthermore Jorm (2012), is of the opinion that promotion of mental health literacy will help to generate awareness in the domain of mental health complications and thus the people will become more serious about their lifestyle and this will reduce occurrence of mental illness. Ottawa Charter has five key strategies for health promotion and this include building healthy public policy (lifestyle medicines), creating supportive environments (person centred care and positive psychotherapy), strengthening community action (community interventions), and developing personal skills (stress management) and reorient health services. Under these five strategies, all the above-discussed interventions are linked and this will help in procuring comprehensive mental health outcome. For example, Ottawa Charter aims to provide a focused development of personal skills along with the encouragement towards participating individual to change their lifestyle while taking responsibility for their own health (Mittelmark Bull, 2013;Mcluckie, et al, 2014). Strategies and health promotion values The aim of these interventions is to reduce the mental health illness among the adult populations in Australia and this will in turn help to reduce adverse mental and physical health outcomes on the upcoming populations. Thus these interventions are in accordance with the National Mental Health Strategy of Australia (2017) which aims to reduce the impact of the mental health disorders on the individuals, community and family members. Moreover, the National Mental Health Strategy of Australia (2017) also aims to prevent the development of the mental health disorder sand associated non-communicable disease among the population. Whiteford et al. (2013) have highlight the increase of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet and lifestyles in response to stress management as the major contributing factors behind the global burden of mental health complications. The research carried by L Cook et al. (2014), stated that quitting smoking along with reducing consumption of alcoh ol to reduce the mental health complications and this in turn is linked with the reduction in occurrence of non-communicable disease. Values of occupational therapists (OT) to address mental health issues Strong evidence exists at the universal level towards the importance of occupation-and activity-based interventions in numerous areas like programs focused on emotional and social learning and stress management activities (Arbesman, Bazyk Nochajski, 2013). At the target population level, firmg evidence suggests that life skills and social programs are effective for the adults populations who are married and have children. Additionally evidence of social skills programs is strong for the adult population who require assistance at intensive level (serious behaviour disorders, autism spectrum disorder) in order to improve self-management and social behaviour (Arbesman, BazykNochajski, 2013). According to Scheewe et al. (2013), OT nurtures a value towards the observance of the exercise therapy towards the success recovery from the mental health complications. Exercise therapy performed once a week helped to improve the physical fitness and this in turn reduced need of care in patients ( Scheewe et al. 2013). Analysis of the approaches undertaken by OT The main advantage of using exercise in mental health recovery is helps in the release of stress relieving hormones. According to Morgan et al. (2013), reduction in stress helps to fight against mental health severity and also helps in reducing the urging of smoke (Morgan et al., 2013). Rashedi, Gharib Yazdani, (2014) is of the opinion that social participation and interaction helps in the reducing social exclusion among the mentally ill patients and this in turn help them to share their problems and thereby helping in speedy recovery via framing person-centred care. However, the disadvantages of social participation is, it may results in social bullying and thus further increasing the complications of mental health Rashedi, GharibYazdani, 2014). On the other hand, exercise regime may increase the level of fatigue among the patients. According to Naess, Lunde Brogger, (2012) increase in fatigue turn may aggravate the sense of depression further complicating the state of mental health. Challenges of OT The main challenges which an OT face include lack of proper job satisfaction and high rate of burn-out (Scanlan Still, 2013). However, in case of mental health occupational therapists, while providing social support in order to improve the social behaviour, they experiences verbal abuses coming from the participants. This abuse delays the recovery-oriented practice while increasing the burnout and turn-over among the OT (Slade et al., 2014). Thus from the above discussion it can be concluded that in order to control the mental health complications among the adult population of Mildura, proper synchronization of the mental health improvement strategies are required. However, apart from mental health prevention strategies, active participations from the occupational therapists will aggravate the process of recovery. References Arbesman, M., Bazyk, S., Nochajski, S. M. (2013).Systematic review of occupational therapy and mental health promotion, prevention, and intervention for children and youth.American Journal of Occupational Therapy,67(6), e120-e130.doi:10.5014/ajot.2013.008359 Bee, P., Bower, P., Byford, S., Churchill, R., Calam, R., Stallard, P., ... Abel, K. (2014). The clinical effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and acceptability of community-based interventions aimed at improving or maintaining quality of life in children of parents with serious mental illness: a systematic review. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK261590/ Department of Health Australia.(2017). Evaluation Of The National Mental Health Strategy.Promotion and prevention.Accessed date: 12th March. Retrieved from: https://www.health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishing.nsf/Content/mental-pubs-e-strateval-toc~mental-pubs-e-strateval-pro Eaton, S., Roberts, S., Turner, B. (2015). Delivering person centred care in long term conditions.Bmj,350, h181.doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h181 Government of Australia-Department of Health.(2017). National mental health strategy.Accessed date: 13th March. Retrieved from: https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/mental-strat Gu, J., Strauss, C., Bond, R., Cavanagh, K. (2015). How do mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction improve mental health and wellbeing? A systematic review and meta-analysis of mediation studies.Clinical psychology review,37, 1-12.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.01.006 Hagen, P., Collin, P., Metcalf, A., Nicholas, M., Rahilly, K., Swainston, N. (2012).Participatory design of evidence-based online youth mental health promotion, intervention and treatment. Abbotsford, Vic.: Young and Well Cooperative Research Centre. Retrieved from https://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/141862/20160405-1343/www.youngandwellcrc.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Young_and_Well_CRC_IM_PD_Guide.pdf Heim, C., Binder, E. B. (2012). Current research trends in early life stress and depression: Review of human studies on sensitive periods, geneenvironment interactions, and epigenetics.Experimental neurology,233(1), 102-111.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.10.032 Hofmann, S. G., Asnaani, A., Vonk, I. J., Sawyer, A. T., Fang, A. (2012). The efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses.Cognitive therapy and research,36(5), 427-440.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-012-9476-1 Jorm, A. F. (2012). Mental health literacy: empowering the community to take action for better mental health.American Psychologist,67(3), 231.Retrieved from: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2011-24866-001 Kalra, G., Christodoulou, G., Jenkins, R., Tsipas, V., Christodoulou, N., Lecic-Tosevski, D., ...Bhugra, D. (2012). Mental health promotion: guidance and strategies.European Psychiatry,27(2), 81-86. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2011.10.001 L Cook, B., Wayne, G. F., Kafali, E. N., Liu, Z., Shu, C., Flores, M. (2014).Trends in smoking among adults with mental illness and association between mental health treatment and smoking cessation.Jama,311(2), 172-182. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.284985 Mcluckie, A., Kutcher, S., Wei, Y., Weaver, C. (2014). Sustained improvements in students mental health literacy with use of a mental health curriculum in Canadian schools.BMC psychiatry,14(1), 379.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-014-0379-4 Min, J. A., Lee, C. U., Lee, C. (2013). Mental health promotion and illness prevention: a challenge for psychiatrists.Psychiatry investigation,10(4), 307-316.doi:10.4306/pi.2013.10.4.307 Mittelmark, M. B., Bull, T. (2013).The salutogenic model of health in health promotion research.Global Health Promotion,20(2), 30-38. https://doi.org/10.1177/1757975913486684 Morgan, A. J., Parker, A. G., Alvarez-Jimenez, M., Jorm, A. F. (2013). Exercise and Mental Health: An Exercise and Sports Science Australia Commissioned Review.Journal of Exercise Physiology Online,16(4). Retrieved from: https://www.asep.org/asep/asep/JEPonlineAUGUST2013_Morgan.pdf Naess, H., Lunde, L., Brogger, J. (2012). The effects of fatigue, pain, and depression on quality of life in ischemic stroke patients: the Bergen Stroke Study.Vascular health and risk management,8, 407. doi:10.2147/VHRM.S32780 National Mental Health Consumer and Carer Forum Australia.(2014). Smoking and Mental Health.Accessed date: 12th March. Retrieved from: https://nmhccf.org.au/sites/default/files/docs/nmhccf_-_advoacy_brief_-_smoking_-_february_2014.pdf Patel, V., Chatterji, S. (2015).Integrating mental health in care for noncommunicable diseases: an imperative for person-centered care.Health Affairs,34(9), 1498-1505. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2015.0791 Rashedi, V., Gharib, M., Yazdani, A. A. (2014).Social participation and mental health among older adults in Iran.Iranian Rehabilitation Journal,12(1), 9-13. Retrieved from: https://irj.uswr.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-131-4slc_lang=ensid=1 Scanlan, J. N., Still, M. (2013).Job satisfaction, burnout and turnover intention in occupational therapists working in mental health.Australian occupational therapy journal,60(5), 310-318.DOI:10.1111/1440-1630.12067 Scheewe, T. W., Backx, F. J. G., Takken, T., Jrg, F., Strater, A. V., Kroes, A. G., ... Cahn, W. (2013). Exercise therapy improves mental and physical health in schizophrenia: a randomised controlled trial.ActaPsychiatricaScandinavica,127(6), 464-473. DOI:10.1111/acps.12029 Slade, M., Amering, M., Farkas, M., Hamilton, B., O'Hagan, M., Panther, G., ... Whitley, R. (2014). Uses and abuses of recovery: implementing recovery?oriented practices in mental health systems.World Psychiatry,13(1), 12-20. DOI:10.1002/wps.20084 Stead, L. F., Koilpillai, P., Fanshawe, T. R., Lancaster, T. (2016).Combined pharmacotherapy and behavioural interventions for smoking cessation.The Cochrane Library.DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD008286.pub3 Taylor, G., McNeill, A., Girling, A., Farley, A., Lindson-Hawley, N., Aveyard, P. (2014). Change in mental health after smoking cessation: systematic review and meta-analysis.Bmj,348, g1151.doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g1151 Van Loon, L. M., Van de Ven, M. O., Van Doesum, K. T., Witteman, C. L., Hosman, C. M. (2014). The relation between parental mental illness and adolescent mental health: The role of family factors.Journal of Child and Family Studies,23(7), 1201-1214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-013-9781-7 Victoria State Government. (2017). Community Interventions: Mental Health. Accessed date: 12th March. Retrieved from: https://prevention.health.vic.gov.au/ Victoria State Government.(2017). Victorias Mental Health Services Annual Report 2016-2017. Accessed date: 12th March. Retrieved from: https://www2.health.vic.gov.au/mental-health/priorities-and-transformation/mental-health-annual-report Whiteford, H. A., Degenhardt, L., Rehm, J., Baxter, A. J., Ferrari, A. J., Erskine, H. E., ... Burstein, R. (2013). Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.The Lancet,382(9904), 1575-1586. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61611-6